Fire in the First Intervention / What is Intervention Fire - How to

FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES

Fire-fighting methods, properties and fire extinguishers of extinguishing agents

FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES, FEATURES AND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Extinguishing.

A- Fire Fighting Procedures (Principles): In the middle of a fire incident that occurred to Remove (to extinguish) noted in terms of combustion should be no one of the three main. If we remember these principles forming the combustion of flammable materials, heat and combustion as set forth in any of the elimination of oxygen will eliminate the fire triangle. Based on this foundation, we can firefighting principles systematized as shown below.

A.1) Cool fighting: (Heat to reduce or eliminate)

- Quenching,
- Flammable materials to distribute,
- Strong blowing.

A.2 ) Cutting the air: (To eliminate or reduce the rate of oxygen)

- Covering,
- Choke,
- Oxygen reduction.

A.3 ) Eliminate combustible material:

- To separate the heat of combustible material,
- Bring backlash occurred,

Considering the above-mentioned principles of fighting examine individual.

A.1) Cool fighting: Combustion temperature is lowered below the combustion temperature of the combustible material depending on the kind of material will be removed during combustion. Combustion temperature lowering methods are most commonly used, although various.

A.1-a )Quenching : The most widely used fire extinguishing agent is next to the favorable physical and chemical properties in the first place gelir.su fighting principles cooling with water cooling because there is plenty and cheap. Has the ability to lower the combustion temperature of the water in extinguishing the fire by heat from combustible materials. Water in liquid form has. If the vapor passes into contact with the heat, At that moment the temperature of the environment in apsorv. 100 oC. the environment to make one gram of water vapor until 537 calorie absorbs heat. The temperature of the water used in fire 10-25 oC. Since there is at ambient temperature 1 The amount of heat absorbed approximately gram 600 calories is. This is the heat absorbed from the burning body lowers the combustion temperature. Thus burning body heat is transferred to the water evaporates. The combustion temperature falls, the combustible material is eliminated. Not only by water cooling also pulverized (Atomise, sprinkler) When oxygen is used as also has the cutting property. Water is generally the wood fire ( Class) Used. However, the cause of the fire exit is cut wood burning electric electric current in the media certainly not made to extinguish the fire with water unless determined. Because water is a conductive material. If water is used in pulverized form as mentioned above, (In gas fire) Class B is used as the fire-extinguishing. The air in this regard will be given further information on the cut section. Also hinders the spread of fire as well as the water sprinklers. Suitable agents of the possible spread of the fire burning in the combustion temperature is increased wetted with water.

A.1-b )Flammable materials to distribute : Cool fighting with another type of flammable substances in the distribution of the material for a moment dağıtmaktır.yanıc wider area of ​​air (Oxygen)will allow you to contact the fire will cause expansion. However, the total will be divided by distributing heat generated from the fire burning material, will be reduced to a mass and body temperature falls burning fire will go out slowly. This type of extinguisher must be observed in the absence of any other flammable materials distributed around the burning material. Otherwise, will be caused to grow, instead of fire extinguishing. Usually this type of extinguishing Class A fires such as that used in massive wood. It should be noted that this type of extinguisher can not extinguish the fire immediately. Depending on the time of the extinction event occurs. This type of fire extinguisher can not be used in strictly in fuel because they cause the spread of fire.

A.1-c )Strong blowing: The air blown by strong flame extinction on the burning material and the temperature of the burning material will cause a decrease in specific. Such success can be achieved in principle with the initial fire extinguishing. (Mum, match, lighter, like to put a piece of paper flame) grown in fire fighting and blowing to provide adequate air flow has reached a certain size or practice to ensure the provision of an air flow will not be enough because it's impossible to extinguish the fire will grow and will spread objectionable.

A.2 )Cutting the air: Removed the combustion of oxygen during combustion, one of the three conditions required to occur or will disappear combustion is dropped below 14%. To extinguish the fire by reducing the oxygen is called the method of eliminating air cutting. This event usually cover, choke, can be viewed as reducing the oxygen.

A.2-a )Covering: Cut air on the burning material (To eliminate oxygen) cover to cover-up or called for extinguishing material transactions with spread. Dry flammable materials (solid) flammable materials in the carpet as a cover in case of fire and start a fire, rug, brenda, substances are used as blankets and sand. Foam as a cover for fuel fire, chloro, nitrogen, Materials used as substances used as karbonamonyak Shroud body by forming a layer on the burning fire breaks contact with air.

A.2-b )Choke: Are actions taken to reduce the rate of oxygen required for the oxygen to prevent accidental fires or burning interest. This type is used in fire fighting, especially in confined areas. (for example, The fire door consists of a room in order to prevent the necessary oxygen, prevent the regeneration of oxygen that can be served by being the closure of openings such as windows, air ventilation chimneys came the fire is extinguished.

A.2-c )Oxygen reduction: Other conditions to be the next in the environment of oxygen combustion %14 proportion must have. The mixing %21 found that the rate of oxygen can occur anywhere in the normal combustion conditions. If oxygen in the medium %14 'We will disappear under the lower combustion. These principles formed the basis of the merits of the fighting is called a way of reducing the oxygen. Oxygen-reducing agents are chemical agents such as carbon dioxide powder. They both cover (cutting oxygen) both are intended to extinguishing fires by reducing the oxygen.

A.3 ) Eliminate combustible material: Elimination of combustion forming the combustion of flammable materials by eliminating the three conditions. To eliminate this issue combustible materials, flammable material to separate the heat, The method is applied to form the intermediate space.

A.3-a) To eliminate combustible material : In fighting made by this method should eliminate the burning substance itself. This method is usually effective in fire gaseous combustible substances. For example, a burning gas or LPG. the valve of the gas, As an end to the closed combustion.

A.3-b) To separate the heat of combustible material : Separated from the main mass of the solid fuel is made by quenching. This topic explains how to deploy while flammable substances are given extensive information.

A.3-c ) Bring backlash occurred: This method allows for time-dependent quenching by preventing fire expansion. Gaps are formed by the removal of combustible material between the parts can be well lit with parts of combustion affect other nearby combustible materials regret the impact of fires have occurred in cases where such growth. For Example , cutting and cleaning the grass between the trees by burning unburned portions of sections of forest fires, such as the destruction of a large fire in the neighborhood surrounding buildings.

B ) Substances Used in Fire Fighting : We examine the above issues the Principles of fire fighting. Provider has the obligation to use agents of this principle to extinguish the fire. Below we will examine this matter by addressing individual.

B.1 ) His:Is the most widely used agent in fire suppression water. Water cooler, concealer, fluent, karışıc is a substance with properties and Radiative. It is quite heavy in the normal fervor degree. One gram of frozen (ice) water, in this case zero degrees Celsius, to rotate into the water at zero degrees 80 calories are required. A calorie is required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree. This means that: His, tat penetrates to a significant amount of heat to increase its temperature (suck) By cools the material in contact. This cooling during the 1 cm3 passing water into steam 1700 how large a volume of cm3 volume expansion resulting from gains that takes into account if it is obvious. Then; evaporates by absorbing heat water that is sprayed to the fire area and volume widens, concentration of flammable material covers the top and the environment because it is heavier than oxygen, removes oxygen from the environment. Occurs by contacting the burning material with water extinguisher wherein. This fighting is characterized in that is versatile as explained below.

* Cooler feature : Generally speaking, if a burning body on contact with the water drops below the flash point and fire goes out by cold surfaces in contact. In some cases, substances to prevent the spread of the fire yet wetted before the start of the combustion is cooled and combustion is prevented. The water must not be forgotten that the Council; 0,35 applying mm droplets as fire extinguisher water increases the characteristic. Therefore, the quenching apparatus 0,1 with 1 mm. By resulting in a drop in the size of water to extinguish the fire on purpose we use we can more quickly. This subject is given in the additional information extinguishing principle.
* Covering, Pertussis Feature: Brought to challenge stim enough to extinguish a fire, put the air from the burning of fire that is asphyxiate. But, I s to have a certain temperature (water vapor) when it starts to condense refrigerant plays a role not contrary heater. Also the water would do the heavier liquid coating itself from itself on the light liquid is necessary to bear in mind also that this property could not be considered. The whole entire, combustion oxygen removal of some combustible material, If the show needs oxygen in the air must never thought stifling feature of water.
* Using the property for emulsion: One of two liquids immiscible with each other constitutes a dispersed, small droplets on the other. These droplets are above the flammable liquid for a time, dishes, prevent the spread of fire to stop. Fuel-Oil over this event that stops the burning water to be sprayed as fine droplets emulsification (Emulsification) called.

B.2 ) Carbon dioxide (C02): C02 combustible fuel and electrical fires are not so easy to use does not combine with chemicals. With its constriction of the over spray on easily flammable materials scattered on the fire which is gaseous material for kaplar.yanıc, not transmit electricity,yalıtkandır.normal conditions under gaseous C02 , By cooling the liquid under pressure and can even become solid. C02 stored in high pressure resistant tubes usually becomes liquid while inside the tube. However, while gas from the tube out into dönüşür.c02 31, 8 If the OC can not be made on the protected kept at a temperature which are liquid if kept under pressure. In other words, C02 extinguishing liquid in the tubes used in the work haldedir.belirl in a warm place in a time heat is released 31,8 If the liquid in the tube will be released on the OC will become suddenly gas. If so, the tube should be taken in remote places excessive heat, should be maintained. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, If to be sprayed into a flame, Because it cools suddenly become liquid to gas, or snowflakes or like a white cloud for one and a half times as heavy in the air appeared to cut the interest of the fire fire fire and air containers with superior bulls. C02 carbon dioxide in the air is suffocating gas % 9'S on the rise may cause suffocation deaths rise to 20%. When carbon dioxide is processed in a confined space that creates a fire hazard because of this feature. Adequate volume of carbon dioxide gas is turned off according to the type of combustible material must be filled in order to extinguish the fire with a fire in a confined space. (The enclosed volume of gas and liquids such as kerosene fire % 28’i, benzene and benzene, The closed volume % 33'Are not filled with carbon dioxide gas extinguisher gerekir.karbondioksit feature expelling air out of the fuel, ie to extinguish the fire in the mine söndürmektir.akaryakıt containers filled with oxygen, leaving fire way possible while also choke, After the dissolution of carbon dioxide that can be repeated exacerbations containers angry. Because carbon dioxide fire but were overwhelmed by cooling.

Also sodium, potassium, magnesium, reagents such as titanium (alkali) carbon dioxide does not put the metal fire. these metals because they decompose carbon dioxide. For example, carbon dioxide is used in the sodium fire; C02 + 4 On - 2 Na2 0 + C reaction occurs in which case the fire extinguishing not conclude magnification. It is effective because it is carbon dioxide insulator in electrical fires. Because usually causes electrical spark to the combustion of material around removing. Therefore, the kind that can go out with the use of carbon dioxide carbon dioxide around flammable substances device is correctly. Otherwise, we may not get the expected result. Therefore, before power failure in electrical fires, then it must be made in response to the fire according to the class of fire.

B.3 ) Dry Chemical Powder: Powder used for the B and Class C fires, sodium bicarbonate powder are born. A, B, Class C fires are used in powder comprising the compound of origin Ammonium Phosphate. Dry chemical powder, in fuel fire, is used in the fire of electrically powered machine. Dry chemical powder, generally sodium, Bicarbonate (On HC03) is born. However, a number of substances on the internal storage enclosures and join in order to facilitate usage. Stearates is most commonly used for these substances, Tricalcium phosphate. These two substances, used in order to prevent dust coming into the soil moisture. Because sodium bicarbonate compounds, emerler air humidity, ie fractures hygroscopic, They stood their ground in wet and soiled. Dry chemical powder, when applied over the fire sodium bicarbonate, decomposes into carbon dioxide and water turning into shape and put out the fire. 2 NA HC03 Heat Na2 C03 + C02 + H20 Dry chemical powder are very important, and each undergoes a chemical reaction with the effective temperature as shown in separate classes dönüşmektedir.kur of chemical powder fire extinguishers and carbon dioxide are not toxic. However inhaled in large quantities in the presence of, makes it difficult to breath. Can reduce visibility as they cover the surrounding fog.

B.3-a ) Dry Chemical Powder Test : If this is the type of dry chemical powder in ederiz.gerçek usually distinguished by the color of powder paint color is a matter. Production is used to distinguish those who realized. Therefore, the color should not be fooled. ABC dry chemical powder or BC precise detection method yollardır.deneysel experimental methods that dust can be divided into three.

** Heating Method :

ABC powder that when heated ;
Environmental ammonia smell spreads.
The heated surface melts.
The heated surface adhesion.

BC powder that when heated ;
Habits wins.
Melt by heating.
Does not stick to the heated surface.

** Chemical Methods:
that BA - ABC powder;

Put a small amount of test tubes on the ABC powder and consists of a reaction if a small amount of methyl red and the color change occurs on. A yellow-orange liquid in the tube.
An amount that we put to the test tube ABC powder we see that there is no reaction if we addition of concentrated acid.

For those of BC powder;

BC powder if we we put into an additional amount of methyl red test tube chemical
the reaction occurs and the liquid form a green-blue.

- BC powder into a test tube that if I put a quantity of concentrated acid added chemical tetrachlorobutane - tion occurs and foaming occurs.

* Water Test method: An amount of dry chemical powder is placed and stirred into a glass of water,if dust is not moist,, not cloud the water and good cinstir.aks the slurry does not occur in a dry chemical powder used in fire fighting , is imitation.

B.3-b ) Use of Dry Chemical Powder Areas:Dry chemical often used in extinguishing the fire of fuel. At the same time the electric current used in the relevant fuel for their fire with electrically operated machines to spend. So dry chemical powder are effective for Class B and C fires. In addition, only surface burning class should be noted here that the kullanılabilirler.ancak in fire, hot item on the fire place after the fire extinguished with dry chemical powder should be taken from the fire scene, especially metals. Because repeated exacerbations may occur. Sensitive electrical devices dry chemical powder, Spraying of telephone exchanges will stop the activities of these devices, may be harmful.

B.3-c ) Storage of Dry Chemical Powder: Dry chemical powder are kept in metal or plastic drums. These powders 60 Co'lik should not be kept on a temperature. Otherwise, they can become lumps in the powder melts and solids, lose their fluency. They must not be kept in damp places also. Because solids can become pellets absorb moisture again, lose their fluency. Drying and re-use of the agglomerated powder is not true. You need to use another. Dry chemical powder in terms of moisture they hold within, in terms of mixing with water, carrying out electrical and extent of the jets should be subject to quality control in terms of the abrasion powder.

Söndürücülük Properties of Dry Chemical Powder: Dry chemical powder fire by cooling , They put intercepting the chain combustion. These features are the order with değerlendirelim.

* Properties of Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extinguisher throttling: Dry chemical powder fire sputtered carbon dioxide they produce when they are partially flame bull. However, they remove carbon dioxide fire is not extinguished in the main role should be known. It was only played the role of carbon dioxide they produce because fighting , the merger ignited vapor, carbon dioxide and releasing some salt origin of these chemical compounds should also be ideal fire extinguishers . However, these powders are effective in extinguishing fire.

* Refrigerant Properties of Dry Chemical Powder: Dry chemical absorb a portion of the fire when the temperature of the spraying. For example, one gram of l8 when it until the sprayed powder fire 300 Co rose 79 .This will absorb the heat calories a case of dry chemical powder fire extinguisher is not only considered to be a basic principle of refrigeration features.

* Flame Shield Capability of Dry Chemical Powder: Dry chemical powder flame sprayed onto a burning fire, a cloud of dust in the combustible material forming the flame of combustible material protects against heat from the flame. This is one of the dry chemical powder extinguisher features.

* Dry Chemical Powder "Chain combustion event the" Blocking Feature:The combustion process in place to ensure continued burning of certain substances released combine with each other to form .is reactions must ensure that there are of the dry chemical powder fire chain prevents the incorporation of these substances released. Thus it can not be expanded in a short time sönmektedir.kur of chemical powder fire extinguishing of the fire is the most effective feature in this property.

B.4 ) Foam (FOAM): Foam is a chemical compound. When mixed with pressurized water, passing the mixture is mixed with the compressed air and the foam of the foaming occurs. Foam; completely covers the surface like a fire blanket, breaks the contact with air, There is also a cooling feature. Therefore, a good suppression.

B.4-a ) Foam Types:

* Chemical Foam; Aluminum sulfate [Al2 (S04)3 - l8 H2 o] with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), "Koh Us" is foam formed at the end of the water-insoluble substance in a draw. Nowadays, it is used.
* Protein-Based Foam ; Protein-based foams are obtained by hydrolysis of animal and vegetable residues by chemical means. There are two types.
* Regular protein Based Foam; Is pure hydrolyzed protein. Foam stabilizer, freezing point depressant and from preservatives occurred. For a good extinguishing hydrocarbon fires.
* Fluoro Protein-Based Foam; Regular provides compounds of fluorocarbon liquids in addition to protein-based foam.
Regular can summarize the superiority of protein foam.
The fire is under control more quickly.
Is more fluid.
The ability to cover high.
Prevents rollback flame.
Feature deteriorate when mixed with dry chemical powder.
Has the ability to be at the bottom of the fuel tank.
Regular protein based foam mixed liquid.

* Synthetic Foam; The composition of the synthetic detergent is able to quickly foam. Use with medium and large size in order to obtain foam in the same way. In general, if used with foam Generators 100-1000 times allows to obtain a foam. A types yangınlarla, A fire extinguisher is to be preferred for aircraft in the hangar.
* Alcohol-resistant foam (ATC): Regular protein foam liquid metal soaps (organometallic esters) The foam is obtained by adding. Such a foam material, especially a polar solvent with, A good fire extinguisher in the type of plaster that can shine alcohol, hydrocarbons as foaming agents may be quenched with a normal to the water-insoluble. However, the polar solvent (alcohols, ethers, ketones) mixed with water again ignite the foam blanket for the water-soluble. So certainly in this type of chemical fire (ATC) Alcohol-resistant foam types must be used.
* AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam): Fluoro is a combination of synthetic foam with liquid carbon compounds, fire extinguishes very sudden. Reducing the surface tension of hydrocarbon foam film provides the sudden spread, insulating effect continues for a long time. To take back the flame is definitely avoid.

B.4-b ) General Features of foam to call:
* Foam was hydrolyzed liquid must be the case,
* Mixture of foam agent and water % 2 to % 10 must be.
* Pressurized water mixture resulting foam, degradation at high temperatures should, should disperse in the wind,dry chemical powder should be affected,
* Foam materials (PH) value (Acidity) 7-8,8 must be,
* Mixtures when mixed with water at least 15 solid foam should occur,
* Minimum 10 year should not lose its properties.
* Generally -10 Co ile 50 Code should not precipitate in.

B.4-c) Use of foams Areas:

* Refineries, chemistry laboratories, chemical tanks,
*Paint and varnish workshops or warehouses,
* Fuel storage areas and filling stations
* Now ditch that spilled oil,
* Fuel tankers, tanker, Cargo ambarları,
* Airports, aircraft hangars,considered as similar places.
As if the foam types can be used in areas schematicizes use foam

 

B.4-d ) Foam Prohibited Areas:

*LPG is not suitable for extinguishing fires.
* Age should not be treated with oil.
* Transmits electrical current, SARTEL open NOT be processed.
* Should not be processed on foodstuffs. Deteriorates qualities of foodstuffs.

B.4-and ) Foam Processing Methods:

*Processing from the bin Search taps; Pumper hose connected to the 100 point near the fire scene, then subject to the intermediate tap, Search 85 turning the tap is connected with record participation. The output end of the intermediate tap 85 is connected to the canister hose from the foam hose. Pressure causes the absorption of water coming from the drum foam. Fire foam lance processing is done by adding at the end of the hose. This method is used for small fires.

*Foaming process from sprinklers: For this purpose, the sprinkler has a foam tank next to the cistern. Connects to the vehicle opened fire hose like water works. Water and foam valve opens, attached to the end of the hose is committed to fire lances. Allow air to absorb water from the compressed air hole exceed launch. So lots of foam is formed.

*Foam Processing Foam Generator: 110'Hood is connected to the foam generator with record participation. To rotate the water pressure generator rotor, expansion capabilities so you can get plenty of foam with air. In particular, synthetic foams that greatly increase the volume handle with foam generator in the fuel tank foam fire would be appropriate.

*Foam Application Rate: Foam,B,Administered in Class C fires. On the surface it is applied to 10-15 cm. If the thickness of the coating layer must in this case extinguishes the fire by cutting off the air in contact with the burning surface.

Foam application with standard equipment 7-12 Atü'lük be made with water. The rate is per minute m² 8-12 en. Near the bottom of the foam is obvious that not enough olmalıdır.b rate limit. However, the upper limit will not provide additional benefit.

B.4-and) Foam Storage Methods:

* Foam Storage in Barrels; Foam liquid should be converted from time to time is to be stored in drums or cans and the movement of the liquid must be provided. This process usually six months 1/2 should be considered as transfer.

* Storage in Foam Tank; The insides of the tanks should be covered by certain private ILC and I DiTu. Because foam plaster remains in the tank for a long time, the humidity of the air tanks results in surface corrosion and rust will form a precipitate formed. In addition, it is advisable to store the tank filled to the brim.

WHAT TYPE OF FIRE, PRINCIPLE WHICH IS FIGHTING WITH WHICH ARTICLE OR MATERIAL extinguished should the quenched Umeda BE USED.